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Aim:Esophageal tuberculosis is frequently misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated due toits rare incidence,atypical features of imageology,gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography and handicapin conventional biopsy of granuloma or acid fast bacilli.In order to enhance the correct diagnosis rate ofesophageal tuberculosis,we summarized five cases that were finally diagnosed as esophageal tuberculosis inour hospital.Methods:We summarized five cases that were finally diagnosed as esophageal tuberculosis inour hospital,which were considered as leiomyoma or cyst in first gastroscopy.Result:The average age of the5 patients was 44 years,3 males and 2 females.All of them presented with dysphagia and retrosternal pain for2 to 6 months without weight loss and past medical history.Physical examinations were normal.Contrastenhanced chest computed tomography (CT) showed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in 3 patients and noneof them were consider to be pulmonary tuberculosis.Gastroscopy revealed lesions in the middle esophaguswith bulging mucosa,smooth surface and clear boundary.