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To explore the effects of growth difference factor 11(GDF11)on the proliferation of UMR106 cells.Methods: After given with GDF11(50,100,200,400ng/ml)for 24h,48h and 72h,the proliferation of UMR106 cells were examined by MTT assay and ALP activity assay,respectively.The expression of Runx2 were examined by Q-PCR and ELISA after treated with GDF11 for 48h.Results:(1)The proliferation of cells were increased by GDF11(50,100,200ng/ml)for 24h,48h,72h and decreased by 400ng/ml GDF11 for 48h and 72h;(2)ALP activity were increased by GDF11(50,100ng/ml)and decreased by GDF11(400ng/ml)for 24h,48h and 72h;(3)After treated for 48h,the expression of Runx2 mRNA and protein were increased by GDF11(50,100ng/ml),and decreased by high concentration of GDF11.Conclusion: GDF11 promoted the proliferation of UMR106 cells through activating of Runx2 signal pathway and up-regulated the expression of Runx2.It is speculated that GDF11 might promote the proliferation of osteoblasts to involve in bone formation.