In this present study, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus have been used to study the effects of artificial wastewater with different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on their growth and removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus.Results showed that C.pyrenoidosa and S.obliquus could grow in all the artificial wastewater with different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.However, growth rate of C.pyrenoidosa was highest (0.505/d) in the artificial wastewater with 150 mg/L (NH4Cl) and 2 mg/L (KH2PO4), which was significantly higher than that of S.obliquus (p<0.05).Chlorophyll a syntheses of two microalgae were greatly influenced by artificial wastewater with different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.The maximum chl a yields of C.pyrenoidosa were 0.464 mg Chl a/mg N and 3.072 mg Chl a/mg P in the artificial wastewater with 150 mg/L (NH4Cl) and 2 mg/L (KH2PO4).While chl a synthesis of S.obliquus was inhibited in the artificial wastewater with 250 mg/L (NH4Cl) and 2.8 mg/L (KH2PO4), with a chl a yields of 0.068 mg Chl a/mg N and 0.887 mg Chl a/mg P.In addition, total nitrogen removal efficiencies in artificial wastewater were above 97% using C.pyrenoidosa and S.obliquus.But C.pyrenoidosa has higher removal rate of total nitrogen than S.obliquus.Total phosphorus removal efficiencies were obviously enhanced with decrease of phosphorus concentration in artificial wastewater.In general, C.pyrenoidosa was superior to S.obliquus in the wastewater treatments.