We investigated changes in routine blood indices,blood physio-biochemical indices and blood rheology properties in Dauria ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during hibernation and hindlimb-unloading (HU) in non-hibernation periods.The Dauria ground squirrel HU model used was adapted from the rat HU model.Six groups of 6 adults (mixed gender) and matched for body weight: summer control group (CON) ,HU group (HU,30° angle) (14 days) ,pre-hibernation group (Pre-H) ,2-month hibernation group (H-2m) ,post-hibernation group (Post-H) .Compared with Pre-H animals,in H-2m animals serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was reduced by 47.1% (P<0.05) ,serum total cholesterol (TC) had increased by 54.4% (P<0.05) and platelet concentration had decreased by 71.2% (P<0.05) ; whole blood viscosity at low shear rates increased by 18.0% (P<0.01) ,serum calcium concentration increased by 18.9% (P<0.05) and serum glucose had decreased by 39.9% (P<0.05) .After arousal (Post-H) ,LDH concentration was decreased by 57.4% (P<0.01) while platelet concentration was decreased by 42.8% (P<0.05) .In the Post-H group,serum TC had decreased by 26.5% (P<0.05) ,platelet concentration had increased by 98.5% (P<0.05) ,and whole blood viscosity at low shear rate had decreased by 5.1% (P<0.01) while the serum calcium was decreased by 22.5% (P<0.05) .After 14-day-hindlimb-unloading,serum total protein and albumin had decreased by 20.0% (P<0.05) and 17.8% (P<0.05) ,respectively.During hibernation Dauria ground squirrels showed high blood cholesterol,high blood viscosity and low platelet concentration.During non-hibernation muscle disuse (HU) there was a reduction in serum total protein and albumin concentration but no significant effect on the blood routine indices and blood rheology properties.