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Parasitism genes encoding secretory proteins expressed in the pharyngeal glands of plant-parasitic nematodes playcrucial roles in nematode parasitism of plants.Two pectate iyases genes (Ha-pel-1 and Ha-pel-2) expressed in the pharyngeal glands of the sedentary cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, were cloned from a Pre-parasitic second stage juveniles cDNA library, and the corresponding genomic DNAs were subsequently cloned.