As the most evolutive taxon of monocots, the floral structure is in keeping with pollination by insects. In this paper, such methods as fixed point observation, GC-MS, scanning electron microscopy and etc. were performed in pollination biology study of Calanthe alismaefolia, in order to explore the adaptation of its flower characteristics and pollinators, and the driving role of pollinators in the evolution of floral character. Based on this, scientific strategy for protection and development of the wild C. alismaefolia plants could be proposed.