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Over the past years, we have used a combination of cellular, molecular, biochemical and genetic approaches to study protein trafficking in the plant secretory and endocytic pathways.We have so far demonstrated that 1) the multivesicular body (MVB) is a prevacuolar compartment (PVC); 2) the secretory trans-Golgi network (TGN) is also an early endosome merging the secretory and endocytic pathways; 3) PVC also serves as a late endosome; 4) the two distinct PVC and TGN contain more than 300 proteins respectively from proteomic analysis of isolated organelles; 5) unique PVC or TGN proteins may play roles in PVC-or TGN-mediated protein trafficking and organelle biogenesis.Therefore, in this talk, I will present our on-going studies on protein traffic and organlle biogenesis in plant endocytosis and exocytosis.Our research has been supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, UGC AoE, NSFC, National 863 Program and CUHK Schemes B/C.