Direct identification of Cu2+in biological fluids for understanding the role that plays in the biological and physiological systems is still bottleneck.
Soft lithography presents prominent advantages such as low cost,flexibility of substrates and easy process ability compared with photolithography in micro-fabrication.
Paraquat is a strictly prohibited pesticide with high toxicity and lack of antidotes,and the rapid,sensitive and selective on-site detection in biologic fluids is a great urgency.
Quantitative DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) assays are useful for the clarification of life phenomena,early diagnosis of genetic diseases,and detection of viruses,among others.