Bovine besnoitiosis is a disease caused by Besnoitia besnoiti,a cyst forming coccidian parasite belonging to the subfamily Toxoplasmatinae.It has a wide geographical distribution and,in Europe,where it has been recently recognized by EFSA as an emergent disease,it is leading to important economical losses.The definitive host of this parasite in still unknown and no treatment is available for the disease.