Agro-based lignocellulosic byproducts are abundant renewable resources.Byproducts from corn, wheat, rice, sorghum, barley, sugar cane and coconut are the major sources of agro-based biofibers.They are traditionally a copious and cheap source for cellulose fibers.Agro-based biofibers can also be liberated to sugars by hydrolyzing the material, and subsequently fermented to fuel, chemicals, enzymes and food by microorganisms.Bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by the acetic acid bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus (formerly Acetobacter xylinum) is a valuable nanostructured polymer product having excellent properties such as transparency, tensile strength, water-binding capability, adaptability to the living body, and biodegradability.This kind of material has prospective applications in many fields including biomedical materials, foods, fuel cells, high-quality audio membranes and functional papers including electronic paper.Utilizations of wheat straw [1], rice straw [2] and corn stover [3] to Droduce BC have been developed in our lab.