Nanomaterials especially functional inorganic nanomaterials exhibit a range of unique inherent physical and chemical properties useful in biomedicine.Starting from 2009,our research group has been working on the development of functional nanomaterials including sp2 carbon nanomaterials),rare earth up-conversion nanoparticles(UCNPs),organic nanoparticles,natural biomaterials,and multifunctional composite nanostructures for applications in multimodal biomedical imaging,drug and gene delivery,as well as novel photo-therapies of cancer.