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国内的环境压力、可持续发展的要求以及国际压力、大国的责任与承诺,决定着我国采取相应的政策手段来节约能源和保护环境势在必行。然而国内目前控制污染排放的政策主要依赖行政手段,缺乏利用市场的手段。中国国土辽阔,区域间的差异较大,但是针对污染控制影响的区域定量分析却少之又少。本文利用多区域可计算一般均衡模型,对全国各个地区施行统一的碳税对于区域经济、产业结构、二氧化碳减排以及地区差距的影响进行分析。研究发现,采用统一碳税的碳税政策,对资源丰富的西部地区造成的福利损失比经济发达的东部地区大约要大1到2个百分点;碳排放强度越高的省份,其福利受损的程度越大;统一碳税政策既会带来地区整体福利的下降,同时也造成地区差距的扩大。
The domestic environmental pressure, the requirements of sustainable development as well as international pressure and the responsibility and commitment of major powers determine that it is imperative for China to adopt corresponding policy measures to save energy and protect the environment. However, the current domestic policy of controlling pollution emissions relies mainly on administrative measures and lacks the means to utilize markets. China has a vast territory with large differences among regions, but there are few quantitative regional analyzes of the impact of pollution control. In this paper, a multi-region computable general equilibrium model is used to analyze the impact of the implementation of a unified carbon tax on the regional economy, industrial structure, carbon dioxide emission reduction and regional disparity in all regions of the country. The study found that a carbon tax with a uniform carbon tax would have a welfare loss of 1 to 2 percentage points over the economically viable eastern region for resource-rich western regions, and that for provinces with higher carbon emissions, their welfare was impaired The greater the degree; a unified carbon tax policy will bring both the overall decline in regional welfare, but also led to the expansion of regional disparities.