fundamental challenge in visual neuroscience is to understand how the outputs of neurons responding to local,simple elements are progressively transformed to encode the critical features of spatially-
Crowding,the identification difficulty for a target in the presence of nearby flankers,is ubiquitous in spatial vision and is considered a bottleneck of object recognition and visual awareness.Despite
Freiwald and Tsao found multiple face selective sub-regions in macaque inferior temporal(IT)cortex(Freiwald and Tsao,2010; see also Sato et al.,2013).They reported that one of the face selective sub-r