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Chinese is a morphological language.This is reflected at two aspects for written Chinese.First, in modern Chinese, 95% of the commonly-used words are compounds composed of two or more morphemes.For example, different kinds of alcohol in Chinese are written as啤酒 (beer),白酒 (liquor),葡萄酒 (wine), etc.Those words share an identical morpheme(酒), which is pronounced/jiu3/and means alcohol.Second, nearly 80% of the Chinese characters are phonograms with a phonetic radical and a semantic radical.For example, 河(river), 湖(lake),海(ocean) share an identical semantic radical 氵 , which means water.The current study focuses on three key questions: (1) Neural mechanisms underlying morphological processing in Chinese.(2) Whether morphological processing at the word level (morpheme in a word) and at the character level (semantic radical in a character) share similar neural mechanisms? (3) Whether dyslexia in Chinese has a morphological processing deficit.Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the current study investigated morphological processing in a group of adults, a group of typically developing children and a group of children with reading disability.Results suggested an important role of left inferior frontal gyrus in morphological processing at the word level and character level.Further, children with dyslexia showed reduced activation in this region in morphological processing.