On the drylands in northwestern China, dificiency of water is one of the main factiors constraining crop yield increase by fertilization.In our work carried out in these years, fertilization, mulching soil surface with crop straw or plastic film, and rotation of creal crops with legumes were stuied for the purpose of increasing crop yield and quality.Obtained results showed that top dressing of nitrogen fertilizter at early spring although without irriigation could increase grain yields of winter wheat by 14-15% with a basal and top dressing ratio of 6∶4 or 7∶3, N rate of 162 kg N ha-1 and P rate of 105 kg P2O5 ha-1.