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Objective To investigate the seroprevalences of Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Human papillomavirus(HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) in lung cancer cases and controls, and to explore the associations between these three kinds of virus and lung cancer risk.Methods In this hospital-based case control study, virus seroprevalences of 120 lung cancer cases and 120 controls were detected by ELISA.Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationships between CMV, HPV, EBV infection and lung cancer risk according to histology, and stratification analysis was conducted based on gender and age group.Interaction of CMV and HPV infection on lung cancer risk was assessed according to multiplicative scale and additive scale.Results the seroprevalences of CMV, EBV and HPV in both cases and controls were 27.9%, 21.2% and 41.8%, respectively, and a significant difference was existed among gender and age.For all lung cancer cases, CMV and HPV infection increased lung cancer risk with adjusted OR of 2.10(95%CI: 1.10-3.99) and 1.86(95%CI: 1.04-3.34), respectively.While there was no significant relationship between EBV infection and lung cancer risk.When the analysis was conducted based on histology, there was an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma with HPV infection and no significant relationships between CMV, EBV infection and squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma were observed.Results of stratification analysis showed that increased risk of lung cancer with CMV were only in females, with adjusted OR of 5.20(95%CI: 1.45-18.67), and relations of CMV or HPV and lung cancer were only significantly in those aged 50 or order, with adjusted ORs of 2.22(95%CI: 1.13-4.36) and 2.24(95%CI: 1.20-4.19) respectively.In addition, there might be some extent interaction of CMV and HPV on lung cancer risk.The OR of product item (CMV and HPV) in multiple logistic regression model was 1.54(95%CI: 0.60-3.99).As a measure of additive interaction, relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was 1.58(95%CI:-1.96-5.13).Conclusions Some lung cancer cases had been infected by CMV, HPV or EBV.CMV and HPV infection remarkably increased lung cancer risk.However, further study is needed to better understand whether these associations be causative in lung cancer.