一、对森林两种效益对立与统一的认识1.两种效益的对立森林的经济效益,一般是在森林被采伐后才能获得,而生态效益是以立木群体的存在为条件,才能发挥,两者之间确实有对立的一面。由于从不同角度看森林效益,产生了两种对立观点。一种观点认为,木材是国家建设、人民生活不可缺少的重要物资,生产木材满足需要是经营林业的主要目的。“采伐——更新——采伐”的循环才是完整的生产周期。不以采伐为目的的林业经营,背离林业经营的主旨,不属于林业经营范畴,是“非林业经营”;另一种观点则认为,历史留给我们的森林资源很少,建国三十多年,由于过份强调满足社会对木材的需要,在东北、内蒙、西南国有林区大量采伐森林,破坏了生态平衡,造成严重后果。于是,要求控制采伐量或停止采伐,使现有森林更好地发挥其生态效益。 First, the two benefits of forest confrontation and unity of understanding 1. The opposite of the two benefits The economic benefits of forests, forests are generally obtained after harvesting, and ecological benefits are based on the existence of the standing tree conditions, in order to play, two There is indeed a contradiction between the parties. Because of forest benefits from different perspectives, there are two opposing views. According to one view, timber is an important material indispensable to national construction and people’s livelihood. The production of timber to meet the needs is the main purpose of running forestry. The cycle of “logging - updating - logging” is the complete production cycle. The non-forestry management that is not for harvesting purposes and the principle of deviating from forestry management do not belong to the scope of forestry management and are “non-forestry management.” Another view is that history leaves us little forest resources and has been in existence for more than 30 years Due to over-emphasis on meeting the needs of the community for wood, extensive deforestation has taken place in the state-owned forest areas of Northeast, Inner Mongolia and Southwest China, destroying the ecological balance and causing serious consequences. As a result, it is required to control the amount of logging or to stop logging so as to make the existing forest play its ecological benefits better.