Introduction: As the most widely used means in articular cartilage regeneration treatment,The current research focuses on the microfracture in long-term operation improvement,postoperative clinical effect evaluation and the use of biological materials to promote chondrogenesis,and the lack of microfracture surgery research on migration,accumulation and differentiation of stem cells and chondrocytes and lymphocytes,macrophages.Moreover,there is a lack of spatio-temporal analysis research on key differentiation factors and inflammatory factors.The lack of the basic data hinders the efforts to improve clinical efficacy of microfracture.Materials & Methods: We carried on microfracture operation for full thickness defect rat.At different time after the operation,we used flow cytometry instrument to determine the cell concentration and composition entering into the bone marrow cavity.We also adopted proteomic methods to determine the concentration of growth factor and inflammatory factors.Results & Discussion: The results showed that the concentration of macrophage maintained at a high level in the bone marrow cavity after microfracture,while the concentration of growth factors BMP2、TGF-β3、Wnt3a、gremlin2、Noggin begined to increased gradually decreased later,inflammatory factors IL-1,TNF-α,MMPs maintained at a high level all the time after microfracture operation.Conclusion : An important reason why mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into fibrocartilage not hyaline cartilage is that there are less growth factors but more inflammatory factors.Key words: microfracture,growth factor,inflammatory factors.