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Objective The landscape of cancer therapy is currently being transformed by the recent clinical success of immunotherapies,and more particularly of those targeting the socalled immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors.In non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1(PD-1)have shown unprecedented durable clinical responses,even in patients with advanced metastatic disease.Unfortunately,only a subgroup of patients had long-lasting responses,highlighting the urgent need to identify biomarkers that will robustly predict the effectiveness of ICP blockade.