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作为《资本论》研究对象的资本主义生产方式应是资本与雇佣劳动相结合的生产方式,必须弄清楚相关的四个关键性问题:(1)马克思、恩格斯、列宁明确界定了政治经济学的研究对象是生产关系;(2)《资本论》或政治经济学所研究的生产关系体系是多层次的,其中基础层次的生产关系起着决定性作用;(3)对《资本论》中所应用的“生产方式”和“资本主义生产方式”多种含义必须准确把握;(4)从《资本论》第一卷体系结构的篇章安排看,第二篇专篇讲货币转化为资本、劳动力成为商品,就是将资本统治雇佣劳动的资本主义生产方式作为出发点。学术界关于社会主义商品经济和社会主义市场经济具有不同的见解。两者的含义是既相联系又有区别的范畴,不应等同。邓小平的市场经济理论有个发展过程,不应当将他于1979年11月与外宾谈话中提出的社会主义市场经济与他在“南方谈话”后所实行的社会主义市场经济,看作是相同的含义。邓小平和陈云在社会主义市场经济的理论指导上互相认同与支持,将两人的观点割裂开来和对立起来是不符合事实的。
Capitalist mode of production, which is the research object of Capital, should be a mode of production combining capital with wage labor. Four key issues must be clarified: (1) Marx, Engels and Lenin clearly define the political economy (2) The system of production relations studied by Capital or Political Economics is multi-level, in which the relations of production at the basic level play a decisive role; (3) the application of the theory of capital (4) According to the chapter arrangement of the structure of the first volume of “capitalism”, the second special chapter talks about the conversion of currency into Capital and labor became commodities, starting from the capitalist mode of production in which capital dominated wage labor. Academics have different views on the socialist commodity economy and the socialist market economy. The meaning of the two is a category that is both connected and distinct and should not be equated. Deng Xiaoping’s theory of the market economy has a course of development and should not regard the socialist market economy he proposed in his talk with the foreign guests in November 1979 and the socialist market economy he implemented after the “conversation in the south” as a The same meaning. Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun recognized and supported each other on the theoretical guidance of the socialist market economy. It is not true that the two views were split and set up against each other.