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MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding small RNAs, regulate the abundance of target mRNAs by guiding cleavage at the sequence complementary region.DNA sequences encoding Arabidopsis pre-miRNAs expressed from a CaMV 35S promoter have been utilized to produce artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) for a predetermined viral sequence for generating transgenic resistance against positive-sense ssRNA plant viruses.In this study, the approach was applied to generate transgenic resistance against thrips-borne tospovirus, an enveloped virus with tripartite negative sense and ambisense ssRNAs.