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Objective: To investigate the effect of Hydroxy safflower yellow A on inflammatory reaction in myocardium of the rats after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: 138 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal group, sham group, control group, injecting SY positive control group (SY group, 90mg/kg), HSYA high-dose group (HSYA-H group, 40mg/kg), and HSYA low-dose group (HSYA-L group, 20mg/kg), n =23.The acute myocardial ischemia injury in rats was induced by ligating the anterior descending coronary artery.After euthanasia, the IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and hs-CRP level in serum of AMI rats were detected by Radioimmunoassay and ELISA.The expressions of NF-κB in myocardium of AMI rats on each group were detected by RT-PCR, immunohischemistry and Westem-blotting.Results: After the treatment of drugs, the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 in serum of the rats on HSYA-H group, HSYA-L group and SY group were significantly decreased compared with those of the rats in the control group (P<0.05) , while there was no significant difference on the concentration of IL-10 in serum of the rats between all the drug-treatment group and control group (P > 0.05).The percentage of the cells with the positive expressions of NF-κB and CRP in the drug treatment groups were significantly decreased compared with that of the cells in the control group (P<0.05).Moreover, compared with that of NF-κB in control group, the mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB in myocardium in SY group, HSY-L group and HSY-H group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).In addition, compared with the other drug treatment group, the mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB in myocardium in HSY-H group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusions: HSY-A and SY can reduce the levels of hs-CRP, IL-1 β and IL-6 in serum o fth e AMI rats.HSYA is the main component of SY to reduce myocardial ischemia.The inhibitory effect of HSY-A on inflammation after AMI is the main mechanism to improve AMI rats.