一、“节能减排”的背景“十一五”时期,国家第一次将能源消耗强度降低和主要污染物排放总量减少作为国民经济和社会发展的约束性指标。五年来,各地区、各部门认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院的决策部署,把节能减排作为调整经济结构、转变经济发展方式、推动科学发展的重要抓手和突破口,取得了显著成效。“十二五”时期,为确保实现“十二五”规划《纲要》提出的节能减排约束性指标,国务院印发了《“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案》。总体要求之一就是“进一步形成政府为主导、企业为主体、市场有效驱动、全社会共同参与 I. Background of ”Energy Saving and Emission Reduction“ During the ”11th Five-Year Plan“ period, the government reduced the energy consumption intensity and the total emission of major pollutants for the first time as a binding indicator of national economic and social development. Over the past five years, all localities and departments have conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council and taken energy conservation and emissions reduction as important starting points and breakthrough points for adjusting their economic structure, changing the mode of economic development, and promoting scientific development. These achievements have yielded remarkable results. In the ”12th Five-year Plan“ period, in order to ensure the binding targets of energy conservation and emission reduction set forth in the ”12th Five-Year Plan“ Outline, the State Council promulgated the ”Twelfth Five-Year Plan“ for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction ”. One of the general requirements is that "further forming a government-led enterprise as the main body, an effective market driven by the participation of the whole society