In this paper,an ultrasensitive method of ultrasound emulsi.cation ionic liquid microextraction (UEILME) coupled with HPLC has been developed and introduced for the extraction and analysis of the five anthraquinone compounds (aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol and physcion) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and anthraquinones additive in cosmetic sample. Several experimental conditions have been investigated and optimized.