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Background The exact cause of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unknown, the increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines may be the main pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation.MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous small non-coding RNA (ncRNA).and it can bind to sequences in the 3untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs and inhibit the expression of the target gene.Aims To analysis the result of miRNA microarray and explore the role of miR-181a and its target gene TNF-α in the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of UC.