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Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and a second enterovirus,coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16),are the dominant cause of hand,foot and mouth disease in East Asia,resulting in millions of infections and hundreds of deaths.No vaccine or antiviral therapy against hand,foot and mouth disease is available to date.High-resolution structural analysis of the EV71 mature and natural empty particles provides a model for enterovirus uncoating in which the VP1 GH loop acts as an adaptor-sensor for cellular receptor attachment,converting heterologous inputs to a generic uncoating mechanism.