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@@ What is an exam?It is fundamentally a testing device but what does it test? In order tohave construct validity,a test should test what it purports to test,be it history,biology ormathematics(Koretz 2008,Lambert and Lines,2000)．But what if the target knowledge and skills of an examination are also embedded in thevery structure upon which the examination is built I．E．Basic literacy,and is being takenby candidates with no previous experience of exams and rudimentary command of thelanguage?I’m going to talk about research that sets out to explore how the constructvalidity of the process of testing the literacy of low level and low educated learners ofEnglish for speakers of other languages(ESOL)is affected by this two phase testing,where the testing of the first phase hinders the testing of the second．The focus is onreading tests at A 1 of the Common European Framework of Reference(CEFR)orEntry 1 of the ESOL Core Curriculum for England and Wales．At this level,learnerscart read short notes and notices written in simple sentences．