初级视皮层神经元对亮度分布的动态编码

来源 :中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五届会员代表大会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:limeijian168
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  背景 亮度是视觉系统接收的最基本的信息,对亮度信息的检测是视觉系统处理其它信息的基础。初级视皮层(V1)神经元对刺激的对比度、朝向、方向、空间频率等的反应性质已有大量深入的研究,在成年动物这些反应性质是不变的,如对特定边界的反应具有稳定的朝向选择性。然而,V1神经元对亮度的反应性质只有很少的研究。在视觉环境整体亮度发生变化,如从明亮的环境走进暗的环境时,V1神经元怎样检测物体的亮度仍然不知道。方法 我们使用高密度亮度集中分布在不同范围内的亮度刺激,如:低亮度分布(84%的刺激分布在4~16 cd/m2范围,16%的刺激分布在16~64 cd/m2范围)、中低亮度分布、中亮度分布、中高亮度分布、高亮度分布(对照为均匀分布),来模拟这种变化,研究了猫V1神经元对以50 Hz连续呈现的这些刺激的反应。采用反相关方法对数据进行分析处理。结果 神经元对于亮度的反应随着不同刺激亮度的分布而动态变化,可大致分为三类:随着亮度分布从低到高,(1) 12% (13/108)的神经元的最大反应幅度总是在刺激的平均亮度处,即随亮度分布的平均亮度的变化而变化,检测亮度分布刺激的平均值;(2) 50% (54/108)神经元的亮度调谐曲线有一个系统性平移,尽管亮度分布对这类神经元的反应有调制,但反应峰值对应的亮度没有变化,它们在很大程度上仍能检测绝对的亮度;(3) 38% (41/108)神经元的亮度调谐曲线发生反转,即在低亮度分布条件下对刺激中的高亮度反应,面在高亮度分布条件下对刺激中的低亮度反应,这类神经元可能检测了环境中亮度最明显的物体。讨论 这些结果表明V1神经元的反应依赖于所表达的外界刺激亮度分布的统计性质,能够快速动态地适应当前亮度的分布,检测亮度分布的统计性质的变化,这是感觉系统编码外界信息有效率的策略和机制。这种快速的适应机制可能是神经元感受野功能结构的不同以及皮层间神经元水平连接所产生的。我们的研究揭示了神经元在亮度变化的自然视觉环境中检测亮度的神经机理。这种适应机制对于动物在复杂的自然环境中能够快速地适应和感知视觉环境,并发现物体目标是极其有利的。
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