海底热液活动是二十世纪海洋地质学最重要的发现之一,已成为国际前沿研究热点。海水渗入大洋中脊被地壳下的岩浆加热后,从“黑烟囱”喷口里排出温度高达400℃的热液。这些热液在与周围的冷海水混合时,水中的金属硫化物就沉淀到烟囱和附近海底上。大量事实证明,海底热液性质是由热液与洋中脊玄武岩反应所控制 Seabed hydrothermal activity is one of the most important discoveries of marine geology in the twentieth century and has become a hot research topic at international frontiers. After the seawater has infiltrated the mid-ocean ridge and is heated by the magma beneath the crust, hydrothermal fluids with a temperature up to 400 ° C are discharged from the “black smokestacks”. When these hydrothermal fluids are mixed with the surrounding cold seawater, the metal sulphides in the water settle on the chimney and the nearby seafloor. A large number of facts have proved that the hydrothermal properties of the seafloor are controlled by the reaction of hydrothermal fluids and mid-oceanic basalts