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<正>1.Current public health system in Japan Japan has one of the highest life expectancy,disability adjusted life year(DALY),and the lowest infant mortality rate in the world.Most Japanese can receive public health and medical services when they want to receive.From that point,Japanese public health and medical care system have been thought successful. The front lines of public health services in Japan are municipal health centers(市町村保健中心) and prefectural public health centers(保健所).Municipal health centers mainly provide services about health checkups and health education for children and mothers,aged,and middle aged people,immunization,and other health promotion activities.Public health centers mainly provide health crises response,hygiene inspection and instruction,support for mental,intractable,and infectious disease patients,vital and other health statistics management,and regional health and medical care planning.Director of public health center have to be a medical doctor.Most of the financial sources of public health services are general accounts of local or central governments, which are originally from tax.