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Approximately 26.8% of Chinas land area has an elevation of 3000 m above sea level or higher.Because of recent demands for economic development and new construction in highland areas, many people have relocated from the plains to high plateau regions and have to face the possibility of contracting acute mountain sickness (AMS).Therefore, prevention and treatment strategies are necessary to reduce the incidence of AMS in people who rapidly ascend to plateau areas.This paper describes the Chinese experience when large numbers of people moved to the plateau and the steps that were taken to deal with this illness.These steps included implementing basic prevention measures, increasing medical awareness among populations ascending to high altitudes, and installing standardized medical management systems to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness before, during, and after ascent.The incidence of AMS can be reduced by improving prevention and treatment and by implementing the recommendations described in this manuscript.