Neotyphodium species (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) are fungal symbionts (endophytes) of grasses.They systemically infect their host plants and colonize all aerial parts of the hosts (Schardl et al., 2004).Since the long term of co-revolutinary process, many species have been demonstrated extensively to bring various benefits to their hosts (Clay, 1989).The fungal endophyte inhabited in Festuca parvigluma native to China was newly addressed as Neotyphodium sinofestucae Y.Chen, Y.Ji et Z.Wang in 2009.Fungal hyphae of N.sinofestucae mainly inhabit in the pith and leaf sheath of host plants (Chen et al., 2009).In this study, F.parvigluma plants were collected from the Zijin Mountain in 2010, and their endophytic involvement were checked.By procedures of hyphae staining, fungal isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis, distribution and seed transmission of the endophyte were investigated.Endophytic hyphae were detected in the piths, leaf sheaths, leaf blades, bracts, caryopses and hairy roots of 100 individual plants, and the infection level of 100%, 100%, 100%, 97%, 92% and 0% were reported respectively.Fungal hyphae of N.sinofestucae distribute in all of the aerial parts of host plants while was absent in hairy roots.Meanwhile, similar fungal hyphae were also observed in both seeds and the young seedlings raised from the seeds.Fungal strains Fnj0401 and Fnj0402 were isolated from a culm of a host plant and a young seedling raised from a seed from same seed lot harvested from 10 individual plants.