《阿Q正传》在日本有十多种不同的日译本,其中最早的译本是由井上红梅所翻译。该译本不仅影响了首批日本读者,更因目前收录于日本电子图书馆青空文库而影响巨大。然而,鲁迅本人对这一译本颇有微词。本文通过对译文的文本分析,找到了鲁迅不满该译本的原因,发现了一个被误读的“阿Q”。 The True Story of Ah Q has more than ten different Japanese versions in Japan. The earliest translated version was translated by Inoue Hiratsuka. The translation not only affected the first batch of Japanese readers, but also greatly influenced by the current inclusion in the Japanese e-library Blue Sky Library. However, Lu Xun himself was rather meager about this translation. Through the textual analysis of the translation, this article finds out why Lu Xun was dissatisfied with the translation, and found a misunderstood “Ah Q”.