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Backgroud and aims:Two well-known polymorphisms(BsmI and FokI) in Vitamin D receptor (VDR)have been implicated in susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),hut the results to date have been inconclusive.The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the association between polymorphisms of Bsml and FokI in VDR gene and T2DM risk by an update meta-analysis.Methods:Statistical analysis was performed using the software STATA 12.0.A total of 30 case-control studies in 23 published articles were included.Results: Overall,marginal significant associations between BsmI polymorphism and T2DM risk were found for Bb vs.bb(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.02-1.83,P=0.038)and BB+Bb vs.bb(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.00-1.84.P=0.049).And significant increasedassociations of FokI polymorphism with T2DM were detected for three genetic models(ff vs.FF:OR=1.57,95%CI:1.28-1.93,P<0.0001;Ff vs.FF:OR=1.54,95%CI:1.31-1.81,P< 0.0001;ff+Ff vs.FF:OR=1.57,95%CI:1.35-1.83,P<0.0001,respectively).Subgroup analysis shown that significantly increased susceptibility of T2DM were only found for VDRBsmI polymorphism among the studies with small sample size (<200)in 2 genetic models (Bb vs.bb:OR=2.12,95%CI:1.24-3.62.P=O.006;BB+Bb v.s.bb: OR=2.38,95%CI:1.33-4.25.P=0.003,respectively).Interestingly,a significantly increased susceptibility was only found in T2DM patients among Chinese for all genetic models (ff vs.FF:OR=1.78,95%CI:1.40-2.27,P< 0.0001; Ff vs.FF:OR=1.66,95%CI:1.38-1.99.P<0.0001;ff+Ff vs.FF:OR=1.70,95%CI:1.43-2.02,P<0.0001; ff vs.FF+Ff:OR=1.27,95%CI:1.03-1.57.P<0.0001,respectively).In contrast,no significant association was observed among Caucasians in three studies (P>0.05).Conclusions: Ethnicity and sample size might be the possible factors of the heterogeneity.This meta-analysis suggests that the FokI polymorphism of the VDR gene could bea risk factor for T2DM,especially in Chinese population.Further studies are needed to confirm our results.