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Horizontal transfer (HT) is the passage of genetic material between non-mating species.Transposable elements (TEs) have inherent ability to mobilize and proliferate within genomes,and over 200 cases of HT of TEs have been documented so far.However,to date,the involvement of human TE in HT was poorly documented.Here we present the first documented HT of a human TE into an extremely contagious virus.We found that one Alu element was transferred from human to a human poxvirns by retrotransposition.