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日语中,与表“原因”论元共现的「喜ぶ」「悲しむ」「嘆く」「驚く」这些心理动词,提示“原因”论元时既可以用「に」格助词也可以用「を」格助词。本文从句子所表达的事态和论元的特性考察分析了这些论元用「に」格助词和「を」格助词提示的具体情况,并阐明了其使用的原因和产生机制。考察结果如下:1对于事先没有认识的事态,在「Vた」「Vていた」的句子中,表达含有从未知变化到已知的事态时,选择使用「に」格助词,如果是已知事态时,选择使用「を「格助词。另外,在「Vる」「Vている」的句子中,论元如果是表示一次性完成的事件,选择使用「に」格助词,如果是表示持续存在的事件,选择使用「を」格助词。2对于事先有所认识的事态,如果存在意外性因素,选择使用「に」格助词,如果不存在意外性因素,选择使用「を」格助词。3「に」格助词有强调原因的作用,「を」格助词有回避强调原因的作用,选择「に」还是选择「を」由是否强调原因或者是否回避强调原因来决定。
In Japanese, the psychological verbs such as “ぶ ぶ”, “sad し む”, “sigh く” and “ku” that are coexistent with the table “cause ” argument indicate that the “因” Use “を” lattice word. In this paper, we examine the concrete conditions of the arguments of “に” and “を” from the facts expressed in the sentences and the features of the arguments, and explain the causes and mechanism of their use. The results of the study are as follows: 1 For a situation not known in advance, in the sentence “V ta” “V tei ta”, when expressing changes from unknown to known, the “に” lattice particle is selected for use. If it is known In the sentence “V ru” and “V te ru ru”, if the argument is a one-off event, the “に” lattice particle is selected to be used, and if it is continuous Existing events, choose to use “を” grid particle. 2 For events that have been identified in advance, if there is an unexpected factor, choose to use the “に” lattice particle, and if there are no unexpected factors, choose to use the lattice particle. The 3 “ni” lattice motif emphasizes the reason. The “o lattice” particle avoids emphasizing the reason. The choice between “に” and “を” depends on whether the reason is emphasized or whether the reason is avoided or avoided.