From BOT to PPP-A Hong Kong Example

来源 :2007年公共事业/基础设施项目特许经营国际会议 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:mmg5fc1cc
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
A Public Private Partnership (PPP) in general can be used to describe any arrangement between the Public sector and the Private sector,working together to deliver a public asset,service or even a combination of both for the community.Hong Kong has seen a long history of adopting this type of procurement arrangement for its public works projects.The famous channel tunnel BOT projects have been amongst some of the earliest projects in the world to adopt this arrangement.The earliest example of these projects found in Hong Kong is the Cross Harbour Tunnel (CHT) which dates back to the late 1960s.This project was considered as highly successful and has been transferred back to the Government on 31 August 1999.On the other hand,there have been some less successful projects such as the Western Harbour Crossing (WHC).This project has been heavily criticized by the general public,the media and politicians for its increasing toll fees.Unfortunately,the development of this procurement arrangement was not continued until more recently.Overseas experience demonstrating the benefits of PPP has re-initiated the interest of some Government Departments,to develop the traditional BOT arrangement into a more appropriate,refined and internationally recognized successful approach.The Asia World Expo (AWE) has been claimed to be the first proper PPP project completed in Hong Kong.To date the project has appeared to achieve a positive image from the community at large.However,there are also some less successful examples,such as the West Kowloon Cultural District (WKCD) Project which has been proposed by the Government to use the real estate revenue to support the cultural facilities development,but due to cynical criticisms from the politicians,it is unlikely to be realized in the near future.This paper examines the development of PPP projects in Hong Kong by looking at some of the BOT projects which have contributed to this change.The findings show a history of success and potential obstacles which have instigated the current interest and development of PPP in Hong Kong.
其他文献
  本文利用中值滤波算法对采集到的印章图像消除随机噪声,并根据种子点的坐标进行封闭区域的范围提取。重点介绍了提取图像范围所用的基于区域增长的递归算法。
  本文提出了一种查询SVG文件的方法。设计了一个算法对SVG内部节点进行了遍历,从而完成查询的全过程。
  中国人民银行征信系统自从2006年开通运行以来,受到了金融业人士的广泛关注。本文以人民银行个人信用信息数据为数据平台,展开关联规则挖掘研究。首先阐述了关联规则的基本
  城市应急联动系统是集成通信、计算机、网络、GIS、GPS、图形图像、视频监控、数据库与信息处理等多种技术为一体的通信、信息及指挥系统平台,是当前研究与应用的一个新
  为了有效地构建对象-关系数据库理想的数据结构,本文以Oracle9i数据库为例,分析了Oracle关系型数据结构和面向对象数据结构的特性,针对不同的应用领域举例说明了不同数据结
  为了更好地支持科研项目的申请、立项,以及支持学科团队构建和学科交融,从大量科研数据中找出很多事情的关联性,就显得十分必要。本文对数据挖掘方法关联规则中的Apriori算
草坪建好后,要根据草坪植物的生长习性,立地环境,生长状况及草坪的用途等进行科学的养护管理,以达到预期的绿化效果。 草坪的养护管理工作主要有:浇水、施肥、修剪、除草、加土、
孙明经曾是北京电影学院教授,中国电影家协会和中国摄影家协会的首任理事。他是我国现代影视技术专家和电化教育、影视技术教育的开拓者。孙明经的儿子孙建三保存着他父亲“
  高校各类信息管理系统积累了大量数据,亟待一种方法对其进行整合以更大限度的发挥其功效。通过研究数据仓库技术,结合高校自身特点,提出了建立高校数据仓库的方案,分析设计了
  时间同步是分布式系统和通信领域中起着基础性作用的核心技术之一。根据网络时间协议(NTP),提出了基于最小单向时延的时间同步算法。该算法以纯软件方式完成网络对时。在L