Vegetable processing waste (VPW) and poplar processing residues are the major municipal solid waste (MSW) and wood waste in China, respectively.Anaerobic digestion (AD) was used to treat VPW and poplar processing residues.The results showed that VPW could be co-digested in anaerobic with cattle slurry (CS) for methane production, and the poplar processing residues could be substrate of AD after NaOH treatment.Both C/N ratio and VPW proportion could affect total methane production.The highest methane production was 186.8 L/kg VS and was obtained at 13:1 of C/N ratio and with 40% of I%, the corresponding TS% was 7.9%.Conditions of the highest methane production (271.9 L/kg VS) for poplar processing residues were 35 g/L and 5.0% NaOH loading, which was 113.8% higher than the untreated.Total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS) reductions for VPW were 27.6-30.7% and 44.3-49.2%, respectively.30.7 and 46.3% were obtained related to the highest methane production.For poplar processing residues, reductions of TS and VS of NaOH-treats were 22.9-43.6% and 23.6-49.0%, respectively Compared with the controls, which were increased by 2.9-fold-5.3-fold and by 2.4-fold-3.9-fold accordingly.