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Objective Microglia are the main immune cells in CNS.They monitor the microenvironment in healthy brain and respond rapidly to changes under pathological conditions.Microglia are activated and accumulate around lesion sites in various neurodegenerative diseases.Although it is widely accepted that microglia are embryonically derived from mesoderm, the source of microglia under pathological conditions in adult animals remains controversial.Here we combined a parabiosis animal model with a photothrombosis stroke model and investigated the origin of microglia under ischemic stroke.Methods C57BL/6 mice and transgenic mice expressing GFP in microglial precursors were used to set up a parabiotic and blood chimeric model.After the blood chimerism of the parabiotic animals was established, we induced ischemic stroke by injecting rose bengal intravenously and exposing the cortex to green light.Both brains from coupled-mice were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde after photothrombosis and sectioned into 30 μm slices on a vibrating microtome.The slices were examined under an epifluorescence microscope or a confocal microscope.Results We have successfully induced photothrombosis in parabiotic mice.We observed GFP-positive microglia in ischemic area of the brain in wild type C57BL/6 mice.Conclusion Microglia can be recruited into the brain from blood-derived progenitors after ischemic stroke.