Anticoagulant rodenticides have an important role in rodent control,but also act as environmental contaminants when residues are transferred through trophic pathways.Second-generation anticoagulants in particular are highly persistent in some animal tissues and also highly toxic to mammals and birds,presenting an unwanted hazard to non-target animals and potential for residues to occur in soil or animals used to produce food.There is increasing evidence that the use of anticoagulants for rodent control,in food production and urban settings,results in secondary exposure of some terrestrial wildlife.This presentation summarises current understanding of how anticoagulant residues move in natural environments,and presents preliminary evidence that aquatic ecosystems might also be affected.Where anticoagulants such as bromadiolone are used to manage rodent damage in cropping and food production systems,an increased understanding of localised environmental transfer pathways and potential risks to wildlife and food quality is needed.Retention of anticoagulant baiting as a cost-effective rodent control method can only benefit through a sound understanding of the residue risks along with the identification of baiting strategies that minimise the quantities of anticoagulant being applied to achieve high cost-efficacy in rodent control.