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儿童在近代中国经历了“未来新国民”“独立完整的人”“小战士”或“小英雄”以及“社会主义新儿童”的多重形象变迁。儿童自“五四”时期“被发现”以后,引起了国家和社会对儿童的“教”“养”“救”等方面的关注。作家通过对现实儿童的观照和理想儿童的形塑,推动了中国现代儿童文学的产生和发展。通过对中国近代儿童观的发展脉络,儿童与国家、社会、家庭之间的复杂关系,以及现代儿童文学的张力等方面的梳理,可以增进对中国近代儿童史的深入研究。
Children in modern China have undergone multiple images of “new nationals in the future”, “independent and complete people”, “little fighters” or “little heroes” and “new socialist children.” Since the “May 4th” period and “discovered”, children have drawn the attention of the state and society to children’s “teaching”, “raising”, “saving” and so on. The writer promoted the emergence and development of modern Chinese children’s literature through the observation of realistic children and the shaping of ideal children. Through the development of China’s modern view of children, the complex relationship between children and the country, society and family, and the tension of modern children’s literature, we can further study the history of children in modern China.