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Sable (Martes zibellina) and stone marten (Martes foina) populations are declining sharply and both species are threatened in China.Knowing the sex ratio of a population is important for long-term conservation and development of management plans for endangered marten species.We here describe the application of a novel PCR-RFLP method for sex determination in these two marten species.We developed a new designed primer pair (ZFLB1 and ZFLB2) that yields a smaller ZFX / ZFY PCR product (246 bp) and,in combination with RFLP analysis,provides a simple and reliable method for gender determination in Martes zibellina and Martes foina.The method can be used on tissue and non-invasively collected hair samples for sex identification in wild marten populations,and is powerful for monitoring population status and trend of endangered martens.