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本文对三种云南产药用植物云南翅子树(Pterospermum yunnanense Hsue)、西双版纳扁枝石松(Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub)和罗汉松(Podocarpus macrophyllus)的化学成分进行分离和鉴定，共分离鉴定得到42个化合物，其中1个为新化合物。通过溶剂提取，正相硅胶柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析、MCI柱层析、凝胶柱层析、HPLC等方法，从云南翅子树树枝和叶子中分离得到20个化合物，通过波谱分析(1H-NMR,13C-NMR, HMBC, HSQC,1H-1H COSY, ROESY和MS)鉴定其结构，分别为：7-hydroxy-6-methyl-1-naphthoic acid methyl ester (1),6-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-isopropyl-4-methylnaphthalene (2), syringic acid (3),vanillic acid (4), protocatechuic acid (5), isovanillin (6),4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (7),4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (8), protocatechuic acidmethyl ester (9), β-hydroxypropiovanillone (10), α-hydroxyacetosyringone (11),hexadecyl ferulate (12), scoparone (13),(+)-syringaresinol (14), taraxerol acetate (15),taraxerol (16), maslinic acid (17), stigmast-1,5-dien-3β-ol (18), β-sitosterol (19),daucosterol (20)。其中化合物1为新化合物。所有化合物均为首次从云南翅子树中分离得到。从西双版纳扁枝石松全草中分离鉴定了6个化合物，结构分别为：lycopodine(21),6β-hydroxylycopodine (22),6α-hydroxylycopodine (23),15α-methyl-lycopodane-5β,6α-diol (24), lycoclavine (25),4α-hydroxylycopodine(26)。所有化合物均为首次从西双版纳扁枝石松中分离得到。从罗汉松树皮中分离鉴定了16个化合物，结构分别为：15-hydroxyl-dehydroabietic acid (27),15-methoxydehydroabietic acid (28),7α-hydroxy-dehydro-abietic acid (29), methyl trans-ferulate (30),22-[[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]oxy]-methyl ester (31), ferulic acid (32), vanillic acid(33),2,6-dihydroxy-3,4-di-methylbenzoic acid methyl ester (34),(1S,3aR,4S,9aR)-1,7-dimethoxy-4-(4’-hydroxyl-3’-methoxypheny1)-1,3,3a,4,9,9a-exa-hydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-ol (35), matairesinol (36), rel-(3R,3’S,4R,4’S)-3,3’,4,4’-tetra-hydro-6,6’-di-methoxy[3,3’-bi-2H-benzopyran]-4,4’-diol (37), sideroxylin (38),7-ketositosterol(39), β-sitosterol (40),3β,5α-dihydroxy-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene (41),isopseudolarifuroic acid A (42)。所有化合物均为首次从罗汉松中分离得到。最后对花椒属植物中的生物碱成分和药理活性研究进展进行了综述，总结了274个生物碱的名称、结构、药理活性、来源和参考文献。