石榴品种资源遗传变异分子标记研究

来源 :安徽农业大学 | 被引量 : 36次 | 上传用户:gaolch002
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本研究以50个石榴品种(系)为试材,建立了全国50个石榴品种(系)的指纹图谱,找到了部分品种(系)的特异谱带,探讨了它们之间的亲缘关系;对三白石榴、玉石籽和玛瑙籽及其营养系变异进行了遗传鉴定;以13个品种(系)为试材,测定了石榴种子硬度,探讨石榴软籽性状形成机理。主要结果如下:1.用改良CTAB法成功的提取出了石榴成熟叶片的基因组DNA,并建立和优化了适合石榴的RAPD-PCR反应体系。2.通过扩增得到了50个石榴品种(系)的指纹图谱,并找到了16个品种(系)独有的特异性谱带,可以作为这些品种(系)鉴别的分子标记。3.以遗传距离0.174为阀值,聚类分析可将50个石榴品种(系)划为11类,分析了类群中不同品种(系)及类群间的亲缘关系;以石榴RAPD分析结果为依据,对石榴变种的划分提出了新的见解:认为粉红花白边重瓣石榴、小青皮、四川会理软籽石榴、山东的大红袍等品种可定为新的变种,不应当以花的重瓣、单瓣性状作为观赏石榴变种划分的依据,青粉皮和粉皮也可以单独划分为一个新的变种。4.分别鉴定了三白石榴、玉石籽与其营养系植株的变异程度,找到了它们之间的特异性谱带,探讨了大籽粒性状、果皮红色性状的遗传机理。5.测定了26个品种的种子硬度,发现石榴不同品种之间种子硬度存在极显著差异(F0.01﹥F,α=0.01);同一品种树冠的不同部位,种子硬度也存在极显著差异(F0.01﹥F,α=0.01);而且同一个果实的不同心室之间也有一定的差异。石榴种子硬度的遗传背景十分复杂。
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