专利无效宣告是专利复审委员会对已经授予的专利权,根据任何单位、个人对该专利权提出的无效请求,依法审查后对该专利权的效力问题作出决定,若审查后认为专利权的授予确实与专利法规定的授予条件不符,则宣告该专利权不具有法律效力。这是对瑕疵授权的救济程序,是有关权利人和公众维护自身合法权益的重要法律途径,其特定作用的发挥对我国专利制度有着重要的意义。我国立法和实践中普遍将专利无效宣告界定为一种行政行为,无效宣告程序也定位为行政程序,以致专利无效诉讼适用行政诉讼程序进行审理。这样的定位使得专利无效制度在司法实践中出现许多问题,如频繁涉诉,严重影响专利复审委员会的本职业务；“循环诉讼”的怪圈；专利复审委员会的双重角色等问题。学界针对我国专利无效在实践中出现的各种问题,提出了多种变革方案,有学者认为对专利无效诉讼走民事诉讼途径,赋予法院司法变更权,使专利复审委员会彻底摆脱被告的诉讼地位,从根本上解决“循环诉讼”问题。理论上这不妨是一种好的变革方案,但任何制度的变革都需衡量变革后与其他制度的协调性和对社会经济影响。本文分析了我国现行专利无效宣告制度,首先说明了我国专利无效宣告制度存在的法理基础,即其特有的功能,并对现行的程序及其特点作以介绍；其次剖析了我国专利无效宣告制度中存在的问题,并对其原因进行分析,找出造成这些问题的根源；最后介绍了国外的相关制度,并进行总结,再结合我国专利无效宣告制度中的问题及专利制度的实施现状,提出了适用“准司法程序”的方案来解决专利无效制度中存在的问题。依照这样的思路,本文主要分为以下五个部分展开论述。第一章“绪论”,主要介绍了本文的选题背景及其意义；文献综述；论文的框架和研究方法这三方面的内容。第二章“我国专利无效宣告制度”。本章首先阐述了我国专利无效宣告制度的特有功能；其次,依照我国《专利法》的规定,对专利无效宣告程序及该程序的特点进行总结分析。我国专利无效在程序上实质为三级审理,这既不利于保护专利权人的合法权益,又降低了诉讼效率,更为甚者,“循环诉讼”问题的出现严重影响了我国专利无效制度设立的初衷,与专利无效宣告制度的功能相悖。第三章“我国专利无效宣告制度中存在的问题”。本章着重分析了专利无效制度中存在的问题及产生原因。在专利无效司法实践中,存在着频繁涉诉,严重影响专利复审委员会的本职业务；“循环诉讼”的怪圈；专利复审委员会的双重角色等问题。依我国现行的相关法律规定,专利无效诉讼中专利复审委是被告,而无效诉讼是依照行政诉讼程序进行的,法院在审理专利无效案件的过程中只能采用撤销和维持决定这两种判决形式,这对专利行政机关的审查决定在本质上没有任何影响,即使当事人上诉,专利行政机关依然可作出同于最初决定的决定。两种权力的并行而不协调,致使在当事人寻求救济中陷入了循环诉讼的死结,也就是说,专利复审委员会的被告地位和法院在专利无效诉讼中司法变更权的缺失是导致循环诉讼问题的根源所在。第四章“国外专利无效宣告制度”。通过分析我国的专利无效宣告制度可知,其存在的问题严重影响我国专利无效制度的有效实施,对专利无效宣告制度有变革的必要性和紧迫性。本章重点介绍了国外一些国家的专利无效制度,通过分析比较,在结合我国现行专利制度的基本精神和原理的基础上,针对存在的问题以借鉴国外先进的经验,找到适合我国当前的司法制度、低成本、高效益的解决途径。第五章“我国专利无效宣告制度的完善”。本章首先介绍了学界对我国专利无效宣告制度完善的一些建议,进行简单总结,其次是分析了专利权和专利无效宣告程序的性质,在此基础上进行研究,认为“准司法程序”的变革方案较为妥当,并对此进行论证。采用“准司法程序”途径不仅可以解决循环诉讼问题,还有效利用了司法资源,专利复审委员会在专利无效制度中的基本职能不会改变,在脱离了专利无效诉讼被告席的复审委员会还会更为有效的发挥其作用。rights and interests of the patentee, but also reduces the effectiveness of the proceedings, furthermore, circulation litigation "the emergence of serious impact on China’s patent is invalid the original intention of the system set up, contrary to the patent invalid system function.Chapter three "Our patent is invalid the existing problems in the system." This chapter analyzes the patent invalid system for the existing problems and causes. Judicial practice the patent is invalid, there is frequent Litigation, seriously affecting their own business of the Patent Reexamination Board; cycle of circulation litigation; the awkward position of the Patent Reexamination Board. In accordance with China’s relevant laws and regulations, patent invalidity proceedings the defendant, invalid proceedings is applicable for the administrative proceedings, the court hearing the patent is invalid cases the process can only be used to withdraw and maintenance of the decision of these two forms of judgment,this is no effect to the patent administrative, even if the parties appeal, the patent administrative organ can still make the same decision in the initial decision. The two power parallel without coordination, resulting in the relief sought by the parties into the litigation deadlock cycle, In other words, the Patent Reexamination Board of the defendants position and lack of judicial change right in the litigation of the patent is invalid, the Court lies at the root causes the loop to litigation.Chapter four,"the foreign patent invalidation system". By analysis of the patent invalid system known system defects seriously affect the implementation of the system of China’s patent is invalid, the patent invalidation change the necessity and urgency. This chapter highlights the patent invalid system of some foreign countries, through analysis and comparison on the basis of the basic spirit and principles of combination of our current patent system, for the problems to learn from foreign advanced experience, to find suitable for our current judicial system,low-cost, high-effective solution.Chapter five,"China’s patent invalidation system perfect. This chapter first introduces the scholars in China patent invalidation system some of the recommendations, a brief summary, followed by analysis of the nature of the patents and patent invalidation proceedings, research on this basis that the "quasi-judicial process" change programmore appropriate, and to demonstrate this. Ways to a "quasi-judicial procedures" can not only solve the problem of circulation litigation, but also the effective use of judicial resources, the basicfunctions of the Patent Reexamination Board in the patent invalid system will not change in the Reexamination Board will be out of the patent is invalid litigation dockIn order to effectively play its role.