土壤作为人类赖以生存的物质基础和活动平台，为人类文明繁荣和社会发展起了至关重要的作用，同时，人类生息繁衍，兴盛与衰败过程中所孕育出的千姿百态的文化，也在不断地影响着土壤，其外在形态、内在的变迁皆受到人类古文明活动的强烈影响。而国内外主要土壤分类体系对于人为活动对土壤的影响多集中于现有耕地，对于古人类聚居活动下所形成的这种典型土壤认识并不深入，除河南第二次土壤普查中有所涉及，其他分类基本没有与这种典型土壤相应的类别，也没有建立与其相应的分类单元和分类方法，其分类研究几乎近于空白。并且随着研究的缺乏、保护意识的不足和社会的快速发展，这种具有独特意义的土壤类型也正在逐渐消失，这既造成了土壤分类体系的不完整，也会出现记载档案的遗失和文明完整传承的不足。因此，为了提高对于古文化遗址土壤的认识，为更好的发掘其蕴含的珍贵信息和完善土壤分类系统，应紧密结合当前世界土壤分类研究中以诊断层和诊断特性为基础，进行定量化诊断分类的主要趋势，探索其相关的诊断层和诊断特性，科学的合理的对这种典型土壤进行系统分类。河南省拥有悠久的历史文化和丰富的土壤资源，本文以创造了中华正统文化的河洛地区为研究区域，其中选取了大河村遗址、仰韶遗址、汉魏故城遗址、二里头文化遗址下的土壤作为研究对象，将仰韶遗址、汉魏故城、二里头遗址、大河村遗址四个遗址剖面和仰韶遗址东、仰韶遗址北、四角楼三个自然剖面土壤的形态特征、一般理化性质分别进行对比分析，结果表明：遗址剖面整体层次乱且易发现古砖瓦碎片或草木灰等古人类活动痕迹，古人类活动对土壤化学性质产生了明显影响，有机碳、有机磷的质量分数明显增加，其各自剖面的100～125cm和180～300cm、40～65cm和105～150cm、37～55cm、80cm以下等处的OP/TN、OP/TP、OC/TP三个质量分数比值出现了共同明显升高的现象，中国土壤系统分类并不适用古文化遗址土壤的分类。结合上述研究结论，参考国内外现有土壤分类和土壤功能研究成果，建议增加一个新的诊断表下层，称之为古文化遗址层，在人为土下增设古文化遗址人为土亚纲，并在亚纲中第一个被检索出来，下设扰动古文化遗址人为土土类，灰烬扰动古文化遗址人为土、技术扰动古文化遗址人为土和普通扰动古文化遗址人为土三个亚类。为能够更好地完善中国的土壤系统分类体系、理解古人为作用下土壤发生形成过程和传承古代人类文明提供参考。As the material base and moving platform for human, soil hasplayed a crucial role in human civilization, prosperity and social development. At thesame time, on the process of human lives and breeds, and flourished to decline whichgave a birth to a various of culture has constantly affected the soil, and its externalshape and the inner changes are also affected by the activities of the ancientcivilization of mankind. However, the main soil classification system at home andabroad for human activities on the influence of soil mainly focus on existing farmland.This system also do not make a deep study on the ancient human settlements activitiesformed by this typical soils, except for the second time in Henan soil census isinvolved. And other basic classifications have not this typical soil correspondingcategory, which also do not build a corresponding taxa and classification method. Thestudy about the process of soil formation and the classification of soil types whichrecords the development of human culture changes is very inadequate. Because of thelack of research and protection awareness, this unique soil type has graduallydisappeared with the rapid development of society, which resulted in the incompleteof the soil classification, the loss of the recorded files and the incomplete civilizationheritage. Meanwhile, the main trend about the world soil classification is based ondiagnostic horizons and diagnostic features. Under this trend, this study of soilclassification reflects not only the information of high-level unit intently, but also thequantitative, shape and positioning characteristics of the primary classification in thesoil systems. Therefore, we need to have the meaningful discussion on how to classifythe soil type scientifically, how to determine their cultural heritage features, and howto protect the typical soil under the principles and methods of the current soil