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The application of fly ash-lime-sulphate cementitious system in rubbish treatment has been well discussed in theory and practice in this paper.It is found that for such a long time, there have been many serious problems on rubbish treatment, especially the one that the temporary overlay material (clay) widely used in today’s popular landfill performs no so satisfyingly. In the paper, fly ash-lime-sulphate (FLS) cementitious system has been used in rubbish overlay materials and rubbish solidification. Based on the special requirement of the rubbish treatment, we compare with the hydration mechanism and experimental properties of various sulphates in the system to make sure hemihydrate gypsum as the sulphate component. It is shown that fly ash-lime- hemihydrate gypsum cementitious system has both economical and technical advantages in rubbish treatment.In the research, the strength, permeability, anti-erosion abilities and water-hardening develpoment of the FLS cementitious system with the different water-cement ratios has been worked out. Then it was used in the field of rubbish treatment according to lab mix.Through the lab research and local experiments about FLS system on rubbish overlay materials and rubbish solidification, it is found that hemihydrate gypsum plays an important part in rubbish treatment It can accelerate the concreting of the system, and get certain strength in the short time that meets the need of the system as the overlay materials. In addition, compared with clay, FLS has better permeability and anti-erosion ability. Thus it can take the place of clay as the temporary overlay materials in landfill. In the rubbish solidification experiment, FLS is the water-hardening cementitious material and performs excellently in anti-erosion. It can make the rubbish solidification products useful in the engineering and causes no environmental pollution. To the result of the paper’s research work, a brand new field has been exploited in the practical application of rubbish treatment. The use of FLS cementitious system in the rubbish treatment is not only a new rubbish treatment solution with high value in economy and use, but also accords with the sustainable development requirements.