In contemporary China, only Deng Xiaoping Theory that combines Marxism with the contemporary practice of China and characteristic of the time can just solve socialist future and destiny problem . Deng Xiaoping Theory is the guiding principles of guidelines and reform and opening-up of our party, and the ethics value key thought of its theory is " paying close attention to the people’s livelihood ". This ethics value key thought is proposed and formed by Deng Xiaoping progressively according to the needs of practice among the activity in long-term socialist revolution and practice of construction. The intension that pays close attention to the people’s livelihood includes: the people are value subjects ; need for the value goal with the people’s interests; regard meeting the people’s interests’ needs as value to choose; regard the people’s satisfaction as the evaluation criterion of value. Deng Xiaoping Theory of "paying close attention to the people’s livelihood "determines its formulation , nature , historical position and might of practice . Carrying out " paying close attention to the people’s livelihood " must handle the following relation well : relation of material progress and spiritual civilization ; relation of efficiency and fair; relation of economic speed and economic benefits and the relation of country , collective and personal .To " pay close attention to the people’s livelihood " as the value key thought of Deng Xiaoping Theory, come down in a continuous line with Marxism , Mao Zedong Thought, and its theory vitality has been extended all the time and embody mainly in: It is the key value embodiment of Communist Party of China; It is the intension of the important thought of ’Three Represents’; and it also constructs the scientific development view that" people first" and basic demand of the harmonious society .