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我国疆域辽阔,生态环境和植被结构类型复杂多样,积累了丰富的适于真菌生存繁衍的凋落枯枝资源,必然蕴涵着种类繁多的暗色丝孢真菌类群,但目前对该类基质的暗色丝孢真菌资源挖掘贫乏,更缺乏属、种系统性调查和分类研究。通过广泛征集我国热带及亚热带地区(包括：海南、云南、广东、福建、湖南及四川)不同生境及植被类型区域凋落枯枝,立足经典分类,借助显微描绘和照相技术,综合种菌形态学、生态学及生物学性状,系统开展了26个暗色丝孢真菌属的分类研究,修订完善了卢曼霉属(Lomaantha)的属级特征,澄清了类葚孢属(Sporidesmiella)、半棒孢属(Hemicorynespora)及假绒落菌属(Pseudospiropes)种级分类的混乱,同时,补充或完善了顶孢霉属(A crogenospora)等13个属已知种或中国已知种的分类检索表,正确描述鉴定新种31个,中国新记录属4个,中国新记录种18个,中国已报道种43个,丰富了该类群真菌分类研究的内容,为深入开展其它生态地理区域凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌属、种资源多样性研究提供经验积累与借鉴。合格描述鉴定的新种、中国新记录属(种)及已报道种分别是：新种31个：海南顶孢霉Acrogenospora hainanensis Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,枫香拟棒孢Corynesporopsis liquidambaris Jian Ma&X.G.Zhang,石楠生爱氏霉Ellisembia photiniae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,罗汉松爱氏霉E. podocarpi Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang尖顶爱氏霉E. schimae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,栀子内隔孢Endophragmiella gardeniae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,枫香内隔孢E. liquidambaris Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,润楠内隔孢E. machili Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,龙眼生半棒孢Hemicorynespora dimocarpi Jian Ma&X.G.Zhang,阔孢异参孢Heteroconium phellodendri Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,长窄林氏霉Linkosia hibisci Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,芦苇生卢曼霉Lomaantha phragmitis Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,香叶拟折孢Minimelanolocus linderae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,桑生拟折孢M mon Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,五月茶新葚孢Neosporidesmium antidesmae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,桐生新葚孢N. malloti Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,黄叶树生新葚孢N. xanthophylli Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,椭孢假绒落菌Pseudospiropes linderae Jian Ma, X.G.Zhang&R.F.Castaneda,厚壳桂异棒孢Solicorynespora cryptocaryae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,榕生异棒孢S. fici Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,女贞异棒孢S. ligustri Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,香叶异棒孢S. linderae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,润楠生异棒孢S. machili Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,阔孢异棒孢S.melicopes Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,猴耳环生类葚孢Sporidesmiella archidendri Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,润楠类葚孢S. machili Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,蔷薇类葚孢S. rosae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang五月茶生葚孢Sporidesmium antidesmatis Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang.枫香葚孢S.liquidambaris Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,润楠葚孢S. machili Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,含笑休氏霉Stanjehughesia micheliae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang.中国新记录属4个：半棒孢属Hemicorynespora M.B. Ellis、异参孢属HeteroconiumPetr.、异棒孢属Solicorynespora R.F. Castameda&W.B. Kendr及布氏霉属Stephembruneria R.F. Castaneda.中国新记录种18个：巨孢顶孢霉Acrogenospora gigantospora S. Hughes,印度拟棒孢Corynesporopsis indica P.M. Kirk,栎生拟棒孢C. quercicola (Borowska) P.M. Kirk,单隔拟棒孢C. uniseptata P.M. Kirk,弯曲内隔孢Endophragmiella curvata (Corda) S. Hughes,圆柱内隔孢E. eboracensis B. Sutton,棍棒形半棒孢Hemicorynespora clavata G.Delgado, Mercado&J.Mena,竹生异参孢Heteroconium arundicum Chowdhry,优雅异参孢H.decorosum R.F. Castaneda, Saikawa&Guarro,休斯拟折孢Minimelanolocus hughesii (M.B.Ellis) R.F.Castaneda&Heredia,橄榄色拟折孢M. olivaceus R.F.Castaneda&Guarro,梭孢双曲孢Nakataea fusispora (Matsush.) Matsush.,黏顶假绒落菌Pseudospiropes costaricensis (E.F. Morris) de Hoog&Arx,多变异棒孢Solicorynespora pseudolmediae (R.F. Castaneda) R.F. Castaneda&W.B. Kendr.,森林异棒孢S. sylvatica R.F. Castaneda, Heredia, R.M. Arias&Guarro,丹尼斯拟葚孢Sporidesmiopsis dennisii (J.L. Crane&Dumont) Bhat, W.B. Kendr.&Nag Raj,冈村隆史葚孢Sporidesmium takashii Subram.,雅致布氏霉Stephembruneria elegans R.F. Castaneda.中国已报道种43个：球头顶孢霉Acrogenospora sphaerocephala (Berk.&Broome) M.B. Ellis,楠木生棒孢Corynespora beilschmiediae K. Zhang&X.G. Zhang,来檬棒孢Ccitricola M.B. Ellis,异侧岭棒孢C. euryae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,厚皮树生棒孢C. lanneicola Deighton&M.B. Ellis,常春木生棒孢C. merrilliopanacis Z.Q. Shang&X.G. Zhang,密脉木棒孢C. myrioneuronis Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,金竹棒孢C. phylloshureae X.G. Zhang&J.J. Xu,柚木生棒孢C. tectonae X.G. Zhang&Ch.K. Shi,(?)到棍棒类棒孢Corynesporella obclavata L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang,小乔木树状霉Dendryphiopsis arbuscula (Berk.&M.A. Curtis) S. Hughes,黑色树状霉D. atra (Corda) S. Hughes,阔孢小双枝孢Diplocladiella alta R. Kirschner&Chee J. Chen,小双枝孢D. scalaroides G. Arnaud exM.B. Ellis,竹生爱氏霉Ellisembia bambusicola (M.B. Ellis) J. Mena&G. Delgado,(?)(?)顶爱氏霉E. filia W.P. Wu,近多变爱氏霉E. paravaginata McKenzie长窄孢爱氏霉E. vaga (Nees&T. Nees) Subram.,多变爱氏霉E. vaginata McKenzie,具喙内隔孢Endophragmiella rostrata P.M. Kirk,三隔内隔孢E. triseptata K.M. Tsui, Goh, K.D. Hyde&Hodgkiss,三隔棒梗孢Exserticlava triseptata (Matsush.) S. Hughes,脉管棒梗孢E.vasiformis (Matsushima) Hughes,榕生异参孢Heteroconium fici L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang,木荷异参孢H. schimae Y.D. Zhang&X.G. Zhang,梭孢林氏霉Linkosia fusiform is W.P. Wu,表生拟树状霉Paradendryphiopsis cambrensis M.B. Ellis,(?)氏拟侧耳霉Pleurotheciopsls websteri Cazau, Aramb.&Cabello,蜂巢异棒孢Solicorynespora foveolata (Pat.) Shirouzu&Y. Harada,棒孢类葚孢Sporidesmiella claviformis P.M. Kirk,浅色类葚孢原变种S.hyalosperma var. hyalosperma (Corda) P.M. Kirk,小孢类葚孢原变种S. parva var. parva (M.B. Ellis) P.M. Kirk,阔孢葚孢Sporidesmium altum (Preuss) M.B. Ellis,粪生葚孢S.coprophilum Matsush.,加纳葚孢S. ghanaense M.B. Ellis,长喙葚孢S. longirostratum M.B. Ellis,结节葚孢S. nodipes (Penz.&Sacc.) S. Hughes,诺维信葚孢S. novozymium W.P. Wu,小孢葚孢S. parvum (S. Hughes) M.B. Ellis,角孢葚孢S. pedunculatum (Peck) M.B. Ellis,爬藤葚孢S. rhaphidophorae K. Zhang&X.G. Zhang,邓氏葚孢S. tengii W.P. Wu,束梗密格孢Synnemacrodictys stilboidea (J. Mena&Mercado) W.A. Baker&Morgan-Jones.上述研究标本均保存于山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)与中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)。半知菌作为一独立分类群,其分类研究主要依据无性阶段的形态特征,分类界定标准因真菌学家所持观点不同致使形态权重存在差异。在多年分类研究基础上,继承前人分类观点,较系统地概括了凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌属、种级划分标准：①对于以腐生为主的凋落枯枝暗色丝孢真菌,应以自然基质上的形态特征为主要鉴别依据；对于单孢分离可培养的,其培养条件下的特征和产孢表型可作必要补充；②以载孢体的类型,产孢梗(细胞)的延伸方式及产孢细胞的产孢方式为属级分类的主要依据；产孢位点特征、分生孢子脱落方式(裂解式/破生式)及其突出形态特征如真/假隔膜,单生/链生等不同属间有稳定差异的特征,有时易作为属级鉴别标准；产孢梗的分枝类型(帚状或轮状)、产孢细胞形状、刚毛及子座有无等特征有时对少数属的划分具一定参考价值；③分生孢子的形状、大小、隔膜、色泽、孢壁纹饰及附属部件特征等是分种的主要依据。在近似种间,共同的、突出的分生孢子形态特征对属的划分也有意义。分生孢子隔膜的有无,形成的顺序和位置,在不同种间,有时甚至在不同属间有稳定的差异,也可作为分种(属)的标准之一；④在种级分类标准中,分生孢子的形状视为一级标准,分生孢子的大小、隔膜视为二级标准,而分生孢子附属物及色素沉积等则通常视为三级标准。