【摘 要】
:
选育抗线虫病的蔬菜品种是控制线虫危害的一条重要途径。针对十字花科植物芸薹属内缺乏线虫抗源的现状,利用具有线虫抗性的甘蓝型油菜-萝卜d染色体附加系do、芸薹属A基因组蔬
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选育抗线虫病的蔬菜品种是控制线虫危害的一条重要途径。针对十字花科植物芸薹属内缺乏线虫抗源的现状,利用具有线虫抗性的甘蓝型油菜-萝卜d染色体附加系do、芸薹属A基因组蔬菜A3和A1及附加系do与A1之间的F1代杂种为材料,通过种间有性杂交及回交途径将具有线虫抗性的萝卜d染色体导入到芸薹属作物中,从而获得含萝卜d染色体的种质材料,主要研究结果如下:1.甘蓝型油菜附加系do与芸薹属A基因组间有性杂交后代的获得甘蓝型油菜附加系与芸薹属A基因组间的有性杂交容易实现,仅通过去雄后辅助人工授粉便可成功实现正反交,获得F1杂种及回交后代。do与菜心A3间正反交的亲和指数分别达到1.79和1.73,平均角粒数为2粒,do与大白菜A1间回交的亲和指数为0.28,平均角粒数不到1粒;正交do×A3和回交dA1×A1得到的种子发育比较饱满,发芽率也比较高,达到85%以上,反交A3×do得到的种子发育情况较差,大约只有一半的种子可以发芽。2.杂种及杂种后代的鉴定经RAPD标记和SSR标记鉴定,正交杂种均含有萝卜d染色体,且均为真杂种,而反交杂种中出现了部分不含萝卜d染色体的假杂种,另外从46份BC1代回交种中筛选出了7株具有萝卜d染色体的材料;F1代真杂种生长发育正常,性状表现偏向于附加系do,并可产生花粉,BC1代杂种生长发育也正常,但其性状表现出现了明显分离,一部分材料开始偏向于A1,另一部分则仍偏向于附加系do;F1代真杂种细胞中的DNA相对含量介于其双亲之间,但不同杂种细胞的DNA相对含量并不完全一致,部分反交种的细胞DNA相对含量偏高,回交种细胞的DNA相对含量彼此不一致,大都介于A1和dA1之间,但也有材料的细胞DNA相对含量在dA1附近。3.杂种及杂种后代花粉活力的测定大粒花粉为具有活力的花粉,经醋酸洋红染色后变成深红色,而绝大多数小粒花粉则无活力,经醋酸洋红染色后呈现淡红色或无色;亲本的花粉粒以大花粉粒为主,小粒花粉则很少,花粉活力在90%以上,而F1代杂种及回交后代则具有相对较多的小粒花粉,花粉活力明显低于亲本;正反交杂种的花粉活力存在一定差异,其中正交种的花粉活力比较一致,约为40%,而部分反交种的花粉活力相对偏高,达到65%左右;BC1代的花粉活力在40%附近变化,但也有材料的花粉活力与dA1相比明显下降,只有26%左右。
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